The International Court of Justice began hearing historic oral arguments Monday over the Israeli occupation of territory claimed by Palestinians, thrusting the decades-old debate before a panel of international judges as the region remains locked in an unprecedented war.

Fifty-two countries will participate in arguments at The Hague over the six-day hearing – more than any other case heard by the court in its history.

The case stems from a 2022 request for an advisory opinion by the UN General Assembly. The 15 judges on the court will be asked to consider, as the General Assembly wrote, “the legal consequences arising from the ongoing violation by Israel of the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination, from its prolonged occupation, settlement and annexation of the Palestinian territory occupied since 1967.”

The court, established after World War II as a way for countries to resolve disputes without conflict, will likely take months to issue a ruling. The ICJ opinion will be advisory, not binding.

Monday’s case is separate from the proceedings held in January over an accusation from South Africa that Israel was committing genocide in its war against Hamas following the October 7 attacks.

That case saw an overwhelming majority of the court order Israel to prevent genocide against Palestinians in Gaza, while stopping short of calling for Israel to suspend its military campaign, as South Africa had requested. At the time, Israel had already indicated it would not accept the ICJ’s ruling, with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s office writing on X that “nobody will stop us – not The Hague, not the axis of evil and not anybody else.”